How to File a Complaint in India – Easy Guide

Got a problem with a product, service, or even a neighbour? You don’t have to sit and wait. Filing a complaint is the first move to get the issue fixed. This guide shows you where to go, what papers you need, and how to avoid the usual mistakes.

When and Where to File a Complaint

If it’s a faulty product, a scam, or a bad service, start with the consumer court in your state. Most states have a District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum that handles claims up to Rs 20 lakhs. For bigger disputes, go to the State Consumer Commission.

When the issue is about a crime – theft, harassment, or fraud – file a police report (FIR) at the nearest police station. Make sure you get a copy of the FIR; it’s proof that you lodged the complaint.

Sometimes the problem is with a government department, like a land record error or a licence delay. In those cases, write a formal grievance to the department head, then follow up with the State Public Grievance Redressal Portal. Many states let you track the status online.

Key Documents and Tips for a Strong Complaint

First, gather every piece of evidence. Receipts, bills, emails, photos, or videos that show the problem are gold. If you have a contract or warranty, keep a copy handy.

Write a clear, short statement of what happened. Mention dates, names, and exact amounts you’re seeking. Avoid long stories – the authorities want facts, not drama.

Fill out the official form correctly. Most consumer courts provide a standard complaint form on their website. Missing fields will just delay the process.

Attach a self‑addressed stamped envelope (SASE) if you want a reply by post. It’s a small step that saves you a lot of follow‑up calls.

After submission, ask for a receipt or a case number. This number is your ticket for checking progress later, either online or at the office.

Don’t ignore deadlines. In consumer courts, you usually have 30 days to respond to any notice. In police cases, the investigation report may come within 60‑90 days, depending on the seriousness.

If the first authority doesn’t give you a satisfactory answer, you can appeal. For consumer courts, go to the State Commission, then the National Commission if needed. For police complaints, you can approach the Superintendent of Police or the State Human Rights Commission.

Lastly, stay polite but firm. Courts and police officers are more likely to help when you’re clear and respectful. If you feel stuck, the India Legal Guide directory can connect you with a lawyer who specialises in consumer or criminal complaints.

Filing a complaint may sound daunting, but with the right paperwork and a clear timeline, you can move the process forward quickly. Follow these steps, keep your documents organized, and you’ll increase the chances of getting the resolution you deserve.