Complaint Guide: File, Track & Resolve Your Legal Grievance

Got a problem with a business, landlord, or employer? You don’t have to just sit there. Filing a complaint is the first move that puts the law on your side. In India there are clear routes for consumer, labour, and civil complaints, and knowing the right steps can save you time and money.

Where to File Your Complaint

First, figure out which forum handles your issue. If it’s a faulty product, a consumer court or consumer forum is the place. For workplace salary cuts or harassment, head to the Labour Commissioner or the Industrial Tribunal. Disputes over rent, property, or personal injury usually go to the civil court in your district. Each forum has a simple online portal or a physical office where you can submit a written complaint.

Before you walk in, check the website of the relevant authority. Most of them list the exact forms you need, the filing fee (if any), and the documents they expect. For consumer courts, you’ll often need the purchase receipt, warranty, and any correspondence with the seller. A labour case will require your appointment letter, salary slips, and any written notices you received.

Steps to Make Your Complaint Strong

1. Write a clear summary. Start with who you are, who the other party is, and what went wrong. Keep it to three or four sentences – judges don’t have time for long stories.

2. Attach proof. Photographs, emails, bank statements, and medical reports count as solid evidence. Label each file and refer to it in your summary.

3. State your demand. Tell the court exactly what you want – a refund, back wages, or compensation for damages. Be realistic; exaggerated figures can hurt your credibility.

4. Pay the fee. Most complaints have a nominal filing charge. Keep the receipt; you’ll need it to get the case number.

5. Get a case number. Once the clerk registers your complaint, you’ll receive a number. Write it down and use it to track progress online or by calling the court.

After filing, the other side gets a copy and a deadline to reply. If they ignore it, the court can issue a notice forcing them to show up. If they respond, the case may settle out of court or move to a hearing.

While you wait, stay organized. Keep a folder with all receipts, letters, and court notices. If you’re unsure about any step, a local advocate can give a quick consultation – many offer a free first meeting.

Remember, the law favors people who follow the process. Skipping a document or ignoring a deadline can stall your case for months. A well‑prepared complaint not only speeds things up but also shows the court that you’re serious.

Finally, don’t forget to follow up. Use the case number on the court’s website or call the clerk’s office for updates. If the case is stuck, you can file a written request asking the judge to move it forward.

Filing a complaint might feel daunting, but breaking it down into these simple steps makes it manageable. With the right paperwork and a clear demand, you give yourself the best shot at a fair resolution.